Disinfection is critical for eliminating pathogenic microorganisms from water supplies. The most common chemical disinfectants include chlorine, chloramine, and ozone. Chlorination is widely used due to its effectiveness, low cost, and the residual protection it offers after treatment. However, it can produce harmful by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which have raised health concerns. Therefore, alternative methods, such as ozone treatment and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, are gaining popularity as they do not leave harmful residues while still effectively neutralizing pathogens.
The production of APIs is governed by stringent guidelines imposed by regulatory agencies such as the FDA and EMA. Manufacturers must adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), which ensure that APIs are produced consistently and controlled to quality standards. This regulatory scrutiny is crucial as it protects public health by ensuring that only safe and effective medications reach the market.